Gateway to heaven Tiananmen Square Essay Example For Students

Passage to paradise Tiananmen Square Essay Passage to paradise Tiananmen SquareGateway to heavenOuch, je Im telling mamma! I hollered in anguish, scouring the engraving her book left on my head. No youre not, she wont trust you; Im more established, giggled my sister, and with that she ran up the packed walkway; which toward the beginning of the day hour, looked a lot of like a charge of bulls. As I strolled toward school, I tuned in to the particular gab of my kindred regular people, smelled the fumes rage filled air and tuned in to the extravagant accessories of another perfect day. This was Beijing, China on another bustling workday, no an ideal opportunity to talk, cash is to be made, there is in every case some place to go and some spot to be. It appears this is the belief system of all Chinese; as I looked forward, everything I can see is an ocean of dark hair moving from side to side, all over, as one, everybody making an effort not to suffocate. I track toward the edge of the check and am taken into a universe of seething machines, trolleys, bikes, and cars, hustling down the road conveying considerably more individuals to some significant spot. I see a void in the c ircuit and take a risk to stumble into the road to class. I am in my last year at Mao Tse-Dung Middle School, it is brimming with since quite a while ago kept up competitions between its top understudies, we all should be the best, we are to make our families glad in any capacity conceivable and fabricate a prosperous future; on the grounds that our folks and past predecessors buckled down so we could have this elite possibility. I have consistently been an uncommon understudy, continually going to the after school classes and continually being at the highest point of my group in all the significant subject classifications. After the assessment, when my kindred understudies and I had amassed the understudy standings list, I generally would peruse my name in the best three; unendingly hearing analysis from my rivals. Mei Ling, first in Quite a while, second in Science and first in quite a while, it is a direct result of her guanxi!Amused, I would just answer, Haha, my guanxi had nothing to do with my prosperity, perhaps you should all have a go at examining; possibly one day I may have some genuine rivalry! Guanxi is something that I certainly have, my dad is a senior individual from the Chinese Communist Party, and he pretty much can get things going for my sister and I. One year from now, along these lines, she was going to concentrate in the United States, she doesn't need to experience the entirety of the superfluous obstructions that the administration makes all college understudies experience; now and again living with six for each apartment. She doesn't need to go through 5 years slaving endlessly at an unacceptable occupation gave by the administration, whose primary accentuation of which is on the average workers and how much cash they can make for the economy to lift China into the Modern Western World. Mei Ling, what's going on with you? shouted my best pong yo I gazed upward in stun; I hadnt understood that I was remaining before my storage gazing at it this time. Umm, nothing I replied in a surprise. Well in any case, did you catch wind of Hu Yao bang?What about him? That is to say, you dont know?No, simply tell me!Well, he kicked the bucket of a respiratory failure today.I solidified: this man was one of my sisters saints, he was a genuine decent Chinese dignitary, and he comprehended Chinas requirement for change. I faltered and answered, Oh truly? It must be everywhere throughout the news, Ching, I will likely catch wind of it later. With that, I slumped away resembling a withered plant in the desert on a sweltering summer day. Class appeared to have delayed for a considerable length of time and hours, every educators address rambled endlessly and I was unable to think. I felt just as I were a rice rancher, checking each grain of rice I had gathered. I could just consider what my sister would do. She is the wild one of my family, the more American one. She dresses in their styles, she talks in their ways and she even tunes in to their music. She is a free soul, on the off chan ce that anything. She has her own suppositions and she decides to voice them, she is definitely not an ordinary Chinese. She defies almost the entirety of our dads wishes, she doesn't appear to mind that Father has the final word for everything, and everything is his choice. We, mamma, je and I should make every effort to satisfy him since this is how it is. In every single Chinese family, the dad or the man is the most impressive figure, he is everything to the family; every other person, particularly females, are there to serve him, we are there to play out his desires and to finish his orders. Ladies are intended to be to a greater extent a comfort than a weight. I can recollect when je was 15 and I was 11, Baba revealed to her she couldnt go to a nearby play put on by a neighborhood dramatization bunch since one of the individuals was against the CCP and Baba would not have his little girl seeing such a one-sided made joke of supposed fine art. On my route home go into the wilderness of the boulevards of Beijing, the sounds I heard before in the day were still there to go with me on my experience. The indications of grieving were at that point obvious with storekeepers consuming sky certified receipts and different necessities the dead may require in their the great beyond, the smell of incense invited me as I investigated the various arrangements. They state that if an individual isn't set up for and thought about in their internment, they will frequent the living that should deal with them. My supposition is that nobody needs to be spooky by Hu Yao blast, so this is the reason they are grieving so straightforwardly. As I proceeded with my walk around the serious environment, I start to see all the various ways individuals grieve, the Buddhist, the Confucius, the Taoist every one of them offered their appreciation to Hu Yao blast; I could envision that the motorcades would start soon, these grieving for Hu Yao blasts life. I reviewed his experience, Hu Yao blast originated from a family that had a solid pledge to the CCP, he joined the Red armed force, and by 19 he was a full CCP part. He took apprenticeship under Deng Xiao ping, Chinas pioneer around then, Hu Yao blast was one of the front contenders for the Red Armys initiative, but since of his help for the understudies fighting for a superior instructive framework and expanded vote based system he was censured and burned through the vast majority of his last life perusing, rehearsing calligraphy, and going for long strolls. I nearly strolled past my level; it appeared to be unique today, less sprightly. We were fortunate to live in a structure with more class than numerous others; no rodents, and we had wood floors rather than concrete. Strolling on the way towards the dim solid entryway, I recollected the night when I was in the foyer and je was sneaking into the house from one of her investigation gatherings, she pulled me outside and caused me to sit with her on the enormous solid advances that lead to the entryway. This is the point at which she said something that I didnt know the significance of at that point, in a reluctant issue she stated, No issue what anybody lets you know, I am your je and I will consistently be. I thought she was insane, possibly the harsh cold of that February night had gotten to her, or perhaps it was exhaust clearing the neighborhood tannery that we gazed at from over the road. This night was the first occasion when I had seen the radiance in her eyes, while she addressed me on how I ought not resemble her. At that point she was not, at this point only my sister yet she was practically similar to a Shinto goddess to me, a higher being; she was not part of old Chinas ways as Baba said. She didn't put stock in our customs, she was a young lady, in China with her own political perspectives, a total confusing expression in nowadays. Je was the ideal portrayal of another vote based China, one wit h expanded rights for all, opportunity of articulation and as je would state with a smile American young men! My sister impacts my life, her related soul carries shading to my highly contrasting life, I appreciate and love her; I some of the time feel just as I am the more seasoned sister, committed to offer her guidance on whats good and bad and being required to cover for her when she doesnt accept my recommendation; which was generally a decent piece of the time. In spite of the fact that I can talk the universe of my je, she has her blames, the greatest one being that she is a functioning individual from the underground development at Bei Da. This is her greatest mystery, the one could break our family, thus it is basic for me to keep this one from my Mamma and Baba. She goes to the entirety of the majority rules system rallies; she tunes in to the groups voice and hears the calls of her individual schoolmates calling for Chinas reorganization into a popularity based society. Th e understudies long for a general public in which they have a voice, a supposition and better day to day environments and extra help from the legislature for when they are pushed into the remorseless hands of the working scene, a world that doesn't remunerate insight with better wages and recognition, yet spits downward on them as though they are no better than mafia individuals laundering cash taken from their friends and family. Mei Ling, jaw ai de, for what reason are you staying here squandering your time?I gazed upward from the front strides of the level into my moms tired eyes,Umm mamma, Im just thinkingAi yah, you sound like Jing Yee, simply considering babble constantly, where is your je anyway?Uhhh, she is presumably still at school, her examination bunch meets today around evening time. Another lie for my je je,Heh, she concentrates excessively, consistently at school, never at home. Murmured mamma while she pushed past me into the house. I rose to my feet like a crane con veying vehicles to be crunched in a junkyard and followed her inside. Invited by the staggering aroma of tiger ointment most likely drifting into the corridor from the nearby herb alchemist, Dr. Wei. I welcomed him with the typical welcome. Marlowe, Edward II, and the Cult of Elizabeth EssayI am leaving for a brief period. She said CooleyWhere are you going?She stopped, and looked reluctant than said I am going underground with the development, there will be a dissent tonight.My eyes gushed with tears, No, je dont go, dont leave me! Its excessively perilous, Baba didnt would not joke about this! I argued, however she just half grinned a

Greek Mythology to Rational Pre-Socratic Philosophy

Greek Mythology to Rational Pre-Socratic Philosophy This is implied as a general prologue to Pre-Socratic way of thinking. In particular, you should perceive how Pre-Socratic way of thinking developed as another approach to clarify the world anddiffered significantly from what preceded. There are different Greek fantasies to clarify the inceptions of the universe and of man. Three ages of godlike animals competed for power. The first were embodiments of such things as Earth and Sky, whose mating delivered land, mountains, and oceans. One Greek legendary idea of man recounts a prior, more joyful time a Greek Garden of Eden What Came Before? Folklore ... which didnt kick the bucket since choices appeared. Like Pre-Socratic way of thinking would before long do, folklore additionally clarified the world, yet it gave extraordinary clarifications to the universe and creation. The essential subject of folklore is that the obvious world is bolstered and continued by an undetectable world. - Joseph Campbell Playing the Human World as though a Giant Chessboard OK. You got me. There is an old film from the 70s on a subject from Greek folklore that shows the divine beings and goddesses playing with the lives of the human saints and maids in trouble as real pawns on a vast chessboard, however the picture works. Hollywood aside, a few Greeks thought concealed divine beings controlled the world from their roosts on Mt. Olympus. One god(dess) was answerable for grain, another for the oceans, another for the olive, and so on. Folklore made conjectures about significant things that individuals needed to, however couldnt see. Early scholars additionally made estimates about this concealed universe. The Change to Philosophy: The early Greek, Pre-Socratic thinkers endeavored to clarify their general surroundings in more regular terms than the individuals who depended on fanciful clarifications that isolated the work among human-looking (human) divine beings. For instance, rather than human maker divine beings, the Pre-Socratic rationalist Anaxagoras thought nous mind controlled the universe. Is That Really Philosophy? Reasoning Science (Physics) Such a clarification doesnt sound a lot of like what we consider as theory, not to mention science, yet the Pre-Socratics were early savants, now and again undefined from common researchers. This is a significant point: theory and science/material science werent separate scholarly trains. Reasoning Ethics and the Good Life Afterward, thinkers went to different subjects, similar to morals and how to live, yet they didnt abandon their hypothesis about nature. Indeed, even toward the finish of the Roman Republic, it is reasonable for describe antiquated way of thinking as the two morals and material science [Roman Women, by Gillian Clark; Greece Rome, (Oct. 1981)]. Times of Greek Philosophy The Greeks overwhelmed reasoning for about a thousand years, from before c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 500. Jonathan Barnes, in Early Greek Philosophy, isolates the thousand years into three sections: The Pre-Socratics.The period is known for its schools, the Academy, Lyceum, Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics.The time of syncretism starts roughly 100 B.C. furthermore, finishes in A.D. 529 when the Byzantine Roman Emperor Justinian precluded the instructing of agnostic way of thinking. There are different approaches to separate the Greek rationalists. The About.com Guide to Philosophy says there were 5 Great Schools - The Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, Epicurean, and Skeptic. Here were following Barnes and discussing the individuals who preceded Plato and Aristotle, the Stoics, Epicureans, and Skeptics. The First Philosophical Solar Eclipse This, Barnes first period, starts with Thales affirmed expectation of a sun oriented shroud in 585 B.C. also, finishes in 400 B.C. Logicians of this period are called Pre-Socratic, to some degree misleadingly, since Socrates was a contemporary. Some contend that the term reasoning incorrectly confines the circle of enthusiasm of the alleged Pre-Socratic scholars. Is Students of Nature a Better Term? Understudies of nature, the Pre-Socratics are credited with concocting reasoning, yet they didnt work in a vacuum. For example, information on the obscuration if not spurious may have originated from contact with Babylonian stargazers. The early logicians imparted to their forerunners, the mythographers, an enthusiasm for the universe. Where Does Stuff Come From? Parmenides was a logician from Elea (west of terrain Greece, in Magna Graecia) who most likely was a more seasoned contemporary of the youthful Socrates. He says that nothing appears on the grounds that then it would have originated from nothing. Everything that is should consistently have been. Legend Writers versus the Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Legends are anecdotes about persons.Pre-Socratics searched for standards or other common clarifications. Legends permit an assortment of explanations.Pre-Socratics were searching for the single standard behind the universe. Legends are preservationist, slow to change.To read what they composed, you may think the point of the Pre-Socratics was to thump down before theory.Myths are self-justifying.Myths are ethically conflicted.- From The Attributes of Mythic/Mythopoeic Thought Savants looked for a normal request noticeable in the characteristic wonders, where mythographers depended on the heavenly. Pre-Socratics Denied a Distinction Between Natural Supernatural: At the point when the Pre-Socratic savant Thales (of overshadowing popularity) expressed everything is loaded with divine beings, he wasnt so much singing the final appearance of mythographers or supporting legend. No, he was kicking off something new by, in Michael Grants words, ... verifiably denying that any differentiation among normal and powerful could be honestly conceived. The most critical commitments of the Pre-Socratics were their levelheaded, logical methodology and confidence in a normally requested world. After the Pre-Socratics: Aristotle, etc: With the logician Aristotle, who esteemed proof and perception, the qualification among reasoning and observational science started to appear.Following the passing of Alexander the Great (an understudy of Aristotles), the rulers who divvied up and administered his realm started to sponsor researchers working in territories, similar to medication, that would do them some good.At a similar time, the philosophical schools of the Stoics, Cynics, and Epicureans, that were not keen on exact science, took hold.Michael Grant properties the partition of science and theory to Strato of Lampsacus (replacement of Aristotles replacement, Theophrastus), who moved the focal point of the Lyceum from rationale to analyze. Pre-Socratics May Have Been Rational But They Couldnt Possibly All Be Right: As Barnes calls attention to, on the grounds that the Pre-Socratics were balanced, and introduced steady contentions, doesnt mean they were correct. They couldnt conceivably all be correct, at any rate, since quite a bit of their working comprises in calling attention to irregularities of their forerunners ideal models. Sources: Jonathan Barnes, Early Greek PhilosophyMichael Grant, The Rise of the GreeksMichael Grant, The Classical GreeksG.S. Kirk and J.E. Raven, The Presocratic PhilosophersJ.V. Luce, Introduction to Greek PhilosophyThe Attributes of Mythopoeic Thought​ Related Resources: Presocratic PhilosophyPythagoras of SamosEpicureansStoics

Expository Essay Outline All You Need to Know

Expository Essay Outline All You Need to Know Expository essays are a preferred assignment used for various exams, such as SATs and the like. Just as other approaches (or modes of discourse), i.e., Description, Narration and Argumentation, expository writing has its own set of rules that one should follow in writing. Even though often confused with research writing, expository writing does not require as much depth in research. However, it does have the purpose of presenting an idea and then supporting it with evidence. Here we will take a closer look at how to write an outline for expository essay and provide other useful information that will help students master this assignment. What is an expository essay? An expository essay is an academic piece designed to investigate a certain scientific idea and illustrate it with evidence. Different techniques can be used for such illustration, compare and contrast being one of the most frequently used. Others include definition, providing examples, etc. The key elements of an expository essay Even though a standalone genre, an expository essay does not differ that much from other types of academic writing. It includes all the main elements â€" a thesis statement, a three-part structure, a list of sources used, and clear transitions between paragraphs. The rules of thesis writing for expository essay The best practices of thesis writing apply to expository essays as well. A thesis that you choose for your essay should be: Narrow so that you could focus on a certain area and avoid scattering your efforts across multiple fields. The only limit here should be availability of information â€" if your thesis statement is too narrow, you won’t be able to find enough information to base your research on. Relevant, so that it matches the prompt that you have received to write the assignment. If you roam too far away from the topic, you risk lowering your grade. Up-to-date for applicable fields. This rule does not apply if you are writing an expository essay in, say, history, but it should apply for all the sciences that deal with urgent issues, such as sociology. Succinct to be put in a single sentence. Debatable, which means opposing points of view should exist and they should not be in absolute minority. It’s absolutely normal to go through several iterations of your thesis statement before you reach the one that will be used in the paper. How to write introduction for expository essay Your thesis statement, as is the case with other papers, will be presented in the first part of your paper â€" the introduction. There are a few things that you should keep in mind when writing this chapter: It is better to write the introduction after you write all the other chapters, because then you will have a better idea of what should be included in it. The thesis statement comes around the end of the first paragraph of your introduction. Prepare the reader to your thesis statement â€" don’t assault them from the very beginning. Use attention hooks that will make sure your reader becomes interested in what you have to say and continues reading. The most frequently used attention hooks are quotations, statistics, and anecdotes. How to write the body for expository essay Body paragraphs in your expository essay should provide evidential support for your thesis statement. In writing them, stick to these best practices: Reserve each paragraph for each argument. The number of paragraphs in your body should indicate the number of arguments you have. Start every paragraph with a summarizing sentence. In other words, the evidential support should be presented in a summarized way in the first sentence with the rest of the paragraph reserved for elaborations and details. It helps to make your writing more comprehensible for readers. Every paragraph should be like a small article of its own. Ideally, it should be possible to change the sequence of paragraphs without losing much sense. Provide transitions between paragraphs so that the reader could understand how one idea arises from another one. Don’t be afraid to add a little bit of creativity to your body paragraphs so that your readers are entertained at least a bit. How to write a conclusion for an expository essay The conclusion chapter is one of the most difficult ones because students often simply reiterate what they have already said in the main part or, which is even worse, repeat their thesis statement. What should be done, however, is revisiting the thesis statement in view of the arguments provided in the body paragraphs. Best practices for conclusion writing include: Do not introduce any new information in your conclusion â€" it should elaborate on what has already been said. Do not restate your thesis statement. Map possible areas for further research. Write the conclusion after you wrote other chapters. Outline template for expository essay If you are struggling with an outline for your expository essay, here is a template to use: Introduction (1 page, a thesis statement is in the first paragraph) Body paragraph 1 â€" Evidential support summarized in the first sentence + details Body paragraph 2 Evidential support summarized in the first sentence + details Body paragraph 3 Evidential support summarized in the first sentence + details Conclusion â€" revisiting the body paragraphs and the thesis statement on their basis. This, of course, is the simplest expository essay outline that you could possible use. However, even with additional paragraphs and details, the fundamental structure will remain the same. So if you want to elaborate, take this as your starting point and build on it. General recommendations about writing an expository essay Here is some general advice on how you can simplify the writing process: Always review the assignment several times before you even start writing. It is all too often that students realize they have been answering the wrong question when there is almost no time left. Read it twice, then put it aside, and then read once again. Ask for a consult if needed. Always plan your time. As any other paper, an expository essay will require you to research sources, outline, draft, and edit. It all takes a lot of time and so should not be taken lightly. Spend half an hour planning and you might as well save hours of time and spare yourself lots of worrying. Ask a different person for review if possible. It is easy to miss the mistakes that you have made if you are proofreading by yourself. A different person has higher chances of spotting grammar mistakes, typos, and even logical flaws. Edit ruthlessly. The best kind of content, academic or otherwise, is born out of ruthless and extensive editing. If parts of your writing don’t fit the general writing, then you should drop them without mercy. Additional paragraphs of text, even nicely written and elaborately inserted, usually clutter your paper and prevent readers from understanding fully what you are trying to say. If something seems out of place, good chances are it is out of place. In general, writing an expository essay is not that difficult â€" you just need to get organized, plan your efforts, and not shy off research and hard work. With all those components, the result might be even better than you could expect.

Portfolio Overview of Unilever and PG Essay - 847 Words

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The Admissions Process at Liberty University

Liberty University is generally a selective school, but this is due to the large applicant pool. Only around a quarter of applicants are admitted. Students will, in general, need strong grades and high test scores to be admitted to Liberty. Application requirements include an application form, SAT or ACT scores, high school transcripts, and a personal essay. For more information, feel free to contact the admissions office. Admissions Data Liberty University Acceptance Rate: 24%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Liberty AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th/75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 480/600SAT Math: 470/ 90SAT Writing: - / -ACT Composite: 21/28ACT English: 2/28ACT Math: 19/27 Liberty University Description Founded by Jerry Falwell and grounded in evangelical Christian values, Liberty University takes pride in being the worlds largest Christian university. The residential campus of about 12,000 students is located in Lynchburg, Virginia. The university enrolls another 50,000 online and has set a goal to increase that number significantly in the future. Students come from all 50 states and 70 countries. Undergraduates can choose from 135 areas of study. Liberty has a 23 to 1Â  student/faculty ratio. All faculty are non-tenured. Liberty is not for everyone. This Christ-centered school embraces political conservatism, prohibits alcohol and tobacco use, requires chapel three times weekly, and enforces a modest dress code and curfew. The university is a common speaking venue for conservative political candidates. In athletics, the Liberty University Flames compete in the NCAA Division IÂ  Big South Conference. The school fields 20 varsity teams. Enrollment Total enrollment in 2016: 75,756Â  (47,050Â  undergraduates)Gender breakdown: 42% Male / 58% Female58% Full-time Costs Tuition and fees (2016-2017): $21,292Books: $1,771Room and board: $8,963Other expenses: $5,619Total cost: $37,645 Financial Aid Percentage of new students receiving ad (2015-2016): 96%Percentage of new students receiving aidGrants: 95%Loans: 57%Average amount of aidGrants: $10,768Loans: $7,005 Academic Programs Most popular majors:Â  Accounting, Business, Criminal Justice, Interdisciplinary Studies, Nursing, Psychology, Religion Transfer, Graduation, and Retention Rates First-year student retention (full-time students): 83%Transfer out rate: 21%4-Year Graduation rate: 32%6-Year Graduation rate: 54% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:Â  football, tennis, track and field, baseball, cross country, basketball, golf, soccerWomens Sports:Â  basketball, field hockey, volleyball, cross country, lacrosse, softball, soccer, swimming and diving, track and field Source Liberty University. National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, 2018.

Drought Eastern Africa - 1518 Words

The world should be pulling their resources together because the way the drought is affecting the Eastern Africa’s people is killing them. Reasonable one can not live in conditions where there is minimal food and water. People need to get their basic needs to survive and Eastern Africa is far from the ideal place to do so due to drought. The Eastern Africa people have limited crops which are mostly failing due to lack of water, little cattle herds due to the hot conditions and poor ground to feed on ,while the rest of the world has the resources to provide large-scale relief (Stewart, 2011). This is a big issue because on a global scale we are letting Eastern Africa’s people suffer when there is no need of it. The drought in Eastern†¦show more content†¦This is seen as a problem because before the drought it was hard to feed people. Than again with constant heat hydration was always an issue also. With the hard conditions ones lifestyle has to organized eno ugh to survive. Impact How they did not adapt to fit the drought: From there adoptions were not taken with the sudden environment change people had no way to fit back. Currently, 12 million are living in the drought. Communities are collapsed and livelihoods destroyed (Girard, 2011). Refugee Camps are being pushed to the limit holding 400,000 people when designed for the capacity of 90,000(Stewart). This is only the begin of the struggle because so many people are already trying to help, but war torn countries continue. Presently droughts occurring every two years and when it does rain only fractions of what the region is used to comes down because a rise in of this food prices, homelessness, diseases, social chaos is in full heat. One in every 3 people you see is dying from malnutrition.Feeding centers and medical supply demands are so high and the respond to get food and water there is not happening fast enough.If poor hygiene continues death will be the result. Solutions From there the people, land, and globally worldwide view of what can be done to stop the negative results of the drought:With so little resources East Africa uses what they have chicken blood is used as a treatment to a malnourished person (Stewart, 2011). ImmunizationsShow MoreRelatedThe Scorching Sun s Immortal Impact On Sustainability1004 Words   |  5 Pagesleave anytime soon. California is in its fourth consecutive year of drought, this year being the worst. California’s nearly $30 billion agricultural export industry has hit rock bottom. This is a huge issue considering California produces two-thirds of the United States’ produce. The people of the United States feel unstable because of the lack of produce in the near future. On the other hand, in 2011, Eastern Africa experienced a drought which resulted in an average of 10,000 deaths per day. The reasonRead MoreThe Effects Of Low Food Production On Africa925 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Africa is the world’s second-largest and second-most-populous continent, covering 20.4 percent of Earth’s total land area (Fima. L, 2009), with rich natural resources and lots of mighty rivers. In this essay, three main factors causing low food production in Eastern Africa will be analysed and discussed. Firstly, rapid growth of population in Africa is responsible for degradation and soil erosion, decline of the land’s ability to recovery, and retain productivity. The unpredictableRead MoreDescription Of The Place I Will Be Showing You Today Is Africa Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagestoday is Africa. It consists of various mountains, rivers, and deserts. Africa is located in the south of Europe and Asia. This continent is positioned  in all  four hemispheres, the equator runs almost directly through the middle of   the continent of Africa, which portrays that it is both in the southern and northern hemispheres, and even though most of the continent is located in the eastern hemisphere, a little portion of it is also located in the western hemisphere of the continent.   Africa is 11Read MoreThe Main Cause Of Famine On Africa1674 Words   |  7 PagesGeography The main cause of famine in Africa is Natural hazards. Africa has been associated with famine for a long period of time and is still the case today.Research has shown that more than 90 million people living in Africa have been affected by hunger and are malnourished.This raises a question of what the root causes of this problem could be, considering that this has been an ongoing problem. 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Plants die. Drought becomes a natural disaster. Some droughts occur for a very long period of time, and cause great hardship to people, plants and animals. Every year, droughts take place in many parts of the world, mostly in deserts. People plan for drought be storingRead MoreFactors For Why People Migrate: Mongols1113 Words   |  4 Pagesentire Indian subcontinent, the Arabian peninsula, the East coast of Africa, throughout the entire Mediterranean, the Baltic and the Golden Horde. 3. Earliest Mongol successes came in Northwest China and Tibet. Some Turkish tribes surrendered. They penetrated well into Transoxiana, which would later become part of the Soviet Union. In the 13th century, the Mongols successfully invaded Korea in the East and Europe in the west. 4. Drought, famine, population increases, attacks, diseases. 5. 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These unusual events return every 3-7 years and, and peak around December (Christmas), the fishermen named the phenomenon El Nià ±o (Spanish for boy child). For decades, El Nià ±o was considered to be a weather phenomenon only correlating with the countries of western So uth America. ScientistsRead MoreSyrian Civil War : The Arab Springs1286 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout world history, Syria’s civil war began as a chain of significant circumstances which lead to eventual turmoil. Although the Arab Springs, a series of uprisings against dictators in northern Africa and southwest Asia, was the primary basis for the Syrian civil war, climate change induced drought was undoubtedly the inception that provoked the Arab Spring in Syria. Water is essential to human life aiding in agriculture production and livestock care as well as basic human nourishment. Without

American Immigration Essay Example For Students

American Immigration Essay Here is not merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations. These famous words, which were spoken, by the famed author and poet Walt Whitman is a perfect way to describe our ever changing melting pot society, which we call America. Immigration has effected and changed our country in many ways, many of which being economic reasons from 1820-1860. There have been many reasons for people migrating to America. Among the top of these reasons are those of Political Freedom, and Economic opportunities, which include people wanting more money and better jobs. A large amount of immigrants from this time period came by way of Slavery. From the 1820s until 1860 Immigration to America has affected the national economy in many positive and negative ways. Around 1830 in America there was an abundance of land at a cheap cost, jobs were found with little difficulty because of the decreased birth rate and high urbanization and industry that was greatly increasing. The attraction that America had to wards the Immigrants was mainly the large amounts of land for farms, which the people greatly desired. Many of the early arrivals to America were followed with reports to the peoples homeland countries that the streets of America were paved with gold. This saying was to refer to the prosperity that the American economy had during the early19th century. Many countries outside of America during this time were in great despair. When there is no land left for farming of a crop, which is heavily relied on throughout your country, people tend to leave. One main source of immigration to America was the Irish. During the mid 1800s Irelands population grew rapidly and many of the people lived on small farms that produced very little, because of their poverty the people depended mainly on the potato crop. However around 1845 a plant disease killed the majority of the crop. Around three quarters of a million people died and thousands more left the country in search of a better life. Many of th e emigrants to America from Irish were under the age of thirty-five and men. Families sent their strong sons to the New World in order to make money to afford the trip of the other family members. Even though there was a low birth rate and plentiful jobs in America many of the Irish found that the fast paced economy they heard about was not as fast as they believed. Many of the Irish worked as domestic servants particularly the women that came over, and the men mostly worked as day laborers. This job however produced many problems including an alarmingly high death rate. The Irish were faced with many problems when they came to the United States. The worst however would have to have been the resentment that the native-born Americans showed toward them. The population of the native-born Americans was predominately white Protestants, this being so they showed much hatred to the Roman Catholic Irish immigrants. With this being so many Irish families feared for their childrens lives in public school. Even though many Irish families were without two pennies to rub together, they did however manage to construct Parish schools, which centralized around the Catholic Church. The schools having at first been for the Irish Catholics has spread to many cultures from their arrival into the United States. Given that most of the Irish who came to America in the mid 1800s were threatened and mistreated, the native-born Americans still tried to take advantage of them. In many Northeastern cities in America the political system known as the Boss system was in effect. This system would greet new Irish immigrants coming into the country. In exchange for voting in favor of the political Boss system they were given food, coal and help with the law. Many of the Irish took advantage of this offering and in even some cases Irish immigrants became prominent political figures in the Boss system in the Northeast. Politics quickly attracted the Irish people. Since most of their ethnic gro up lived in the northeastern cities, electing an Irish man to office was not at all difficult. 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Overcrowding In Our Jails and Prisons Today Essays - Criminal Law

Overcrowding In Our Jails and Prisons Today Cyceli Desargent Constitutional Law 10-31-12 I plan on discussing overcrowding in our jails and prisons today. We'll look at the two classes of criminal prisoners kept in our jails and prisons. In addition, I will examine the wide-ranging concepts that affect the numbers of criminal inmates in our jails and prisons. The United States incarcerates substantially more people than any other nation in the world. Actually, the Pew Center on the States reported in 2008 that one in every 100 adults in the U.S. now occupies our prison system. (http://www.pewstates.org/) Since we have been making an effort to ?imprison our way? out of crime for quite some time, federal and state prisons and county jails have become subjected to crisis levels of overpopulation. At the same time, operating funds have been rigorously restricted, as has financing to manufacture new facilities. Over the next couple of years, I expect the conditions will get even worse. At the core of the jail overcrowding problem is the mixture of increasing crime rates with an expanding countrywide population. Investigation points to the fact that when the national economy falloff, crime rates and the frequency of alcohol-related misconduct also increases. Coming from a criminal justice perspective, alcohol lawbreakers are overpowering our orderliness and causing cumbersome court dockets, troublesome caseloads, and filled to capacity jails and prisons. Statistics collected from courts shows that alcohol plays a substantial part as an influencing factor in the crimes that put a large number of people behind bars. Using imprisonment as a punishment for alcohol offenders is not only costly, but is insignificantly successful because it doesn?t help them concentrate on their core problem which is alcohol addiction. A lot of offenders ride out the time they were sentenced to but once they get out they return to their old surroundings with the same situations that caused them to drink in the first place. I believe a large portion of offender?s recidivate if their dependence problem has not been treated and settled. County jail and state prison overcrowding is a disturbing truth, and the courts of our state deal with it on a regular basis. Overcrowding may or may not affect the verdicts judges will make because it will vary from case to case and from one judge to another, but it definitely is a factor. There are many prisoners in local jails who have zilch to do with criminal court. I think judges should focus on those inmates who are in jail because of criminal charges. There are two types of inmates in our jails and prisons. 1. Those that have been charged with crimes and are awaiting trial. 2. Those that have been convicted of crimes and are serving out what they were sentenced to. There are numerous reasons/factors that affect the size of jail inhabitants. These basic concepts are fundamental principles of constitutional law. First and foremost, an offender accused of a crime is assumed to be not guilty of that crime, regardless of what anyone may think about his/her guilt until the he/she i s proven to be guilty. The second is the constitutional authority that while a defendant is waiting for his/her trial for that crime, the defendant is permitted judicious chance to be free pending trial. A judge then determines if the defendant qualifies for a bond. If so the defendant must pay the amount of money or put up property with the court in order to be released. The second category is those defendants who are serving sentences for their crimes. Offenders are given active jail time (behind bars) or some alternative to jail. The judge determines which of these two general categories of sentences to impose. A judge typically contemplates the primary goals of sentencing which are retribution, deterrence and rehabilitation. Retribution is also thought of as a Just Deserts. The defendant deserves to suffer this penance for what he/she did. Deterrence has two elements. 1. Specific deterrence, which makes that specific offender from perpetrating future crimes. 2. General deterrence shows a standard to others. The theory is that people will know what sentence was imposed with another defendant and will expectantly choose not to commit crimes. Rehabilitation comprises a wide

Falling leaves essays

Falling leaves essays The true story of an unwanted daughter So far the characters have just been introduced and you dont really know much about the characters. The prologue is really confusing and you have to read it twice to understand what they are talking about because it is vital for you to understand the story. In the beginning the family meets because their father had died. There are five brothers and sisters, Lydia, Gregory, Edgar, James and Adeline and one half sister Susan. And there is also the stepmother Niang (which is a Chinese term for mother). They were meeting because their fathers testament and they are all astonished that he has not left them any money, he was a very wealthy man with many companies and houses. Niang said that their father wouldnt have liked if they had questioned his testament and nobody dared to question it anyway. They were all afraid of Niang who had made their lives hard enough. This is when Adeline recounts from the beginning when she was little and how this all came along. Chapter one is really interesting and it talks about how Adelines great aunt gained independence, she didnt like her feet bound and wanted to do what she wanted. She was A Chinese woman in the 1886, it was the time were women were supposed to stay at home instead of working or even opening their own company. She was the little sister of Ye Ye who is Adelines grandfather. At this time Shanghai had become the center of Chinas trade and industries and then Gong Gong (which is Adelines great aunt but out of respect she was named Great Uncle) started her own bank, The Shanghai Womens Bank. She had the greatest reputation and the whole family even father and grandfather granted her every wish. At the age of 26 Andelines grandfather was entered into a marriage by a marriage broker and he married her grandmother who was fifteen at the time and they grew to love each other and they had sev...

Management Role Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management Role - Assignment Example How mny trining progrms tell them how to pply this fund of knowledge This problem is common to ledership selection s well s to ledership trining, nd I shll discuss tht in the pper tht follows. Mngers selection is the decision process by which pplicnts re ssigned to one of two possible outcomes (e.g., "hire" vs. "do not hire"). The decision could be with regrd to hiring for prticulr job or prticulr clss of jobs. Mngers clssifiction refers to decision process tht requires ech individul to be either not hired or hired nd then ssigned to one of two or more job lterntives. Tht is, if individuls re hired, there re lterntive job ssignments for which they could be considered. If there exist some set of ssignment decision rules tht will yield more benefit to the orgniztion thn rndom ssignment, then there exists potentil clssifiction gin. Consequently, the benefits from improving selection nd clssifiction procedures cn ccrue from two mjor sources. Better selection would bring in people whose predicted benefit would be higher, no mtter wht the job ssignment (i.e., verged cross ll the different jobs they could tke). Better clssifiction would, for ll those people hired, chieve better "fit" of individuls with different chrcteristics to jobs with different requirements. The more ny orgniztion cn lern bout the benefits nd costs of lterntive methods for selecting nd clssifying the individuls who pply, the more effective its personnel mngement systems cn be. Idelly, personnel mngement would benefit most from complete simultion of the entire system tht would permit full rnge of "wht if" questions focused on the effects of chnges in () lbor supply, (b) recruiting procedures, (c) selection nd clssifiction mesures, (d) decision-mking lgorithms, (e) pplicnt preferences, (f) vrious orgniztionl constrints, nd (g) orgniztionl gols (e.g.. mximizing ggregte performnce, chieving certin distribution of individul performnce in ech job, minimizing ttrition, minimizing discipline problems, or mximizing morle). Further, it would be desirble to hve good estimte of the specific costs involved when ech prmeter is chnged. However, describing, or "modeling" effective selection nd clssifiction in lrge orgniztion is complex business. When considering ll the vritions in ll the relevnt components, there my be dozens, or even hundreds, of lterntive models. lso, there is lwys t lest one constrint on mngers decision-mking specific to the orgniztion, which complictes the decision model even further. The overll complexity of ny rel-world personnel mngement sitution is such tht it probbly cnnot be fully modeled by currently vilble nlytic methods (Cmpbell, 1990). It my not be possible even to describe ll the potentil prmeters tht influence the outcomes of rel-world selection procedure. However, for purposes of setting the context for this series of projects, we strt by simply listing some of the mjor prmeters of selection nd clssifiction decision-mking tht we do know bout, nd the principl implictions of ech. The Gol(s) of Selection By definition, selection nd clssifiction decision procedures re implemented to chieve prticulr objective, or set of objectives. Identifying the objective(s) for the selection system is the most criticl ingredient in the design of the

Asthma and medicine management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Asthma and medicine management - Essay Example It is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) which is a long-term pulmonary disease characterized by increased airflow resistance. Other types of COPD include chronic bronchitis and emphysema. 2) Incidence of asthma and implications of this. There are an estimated 234.9 million people affected by Asthma worldwide of which 28.8 million are in Europe and about 5.4 million are in the U.K. Incidence of new cases occurs mostly in children. In England about 64,000 hospital admissions took place for asthma in 2008/09. Globally 287000 deaths occurred in 2004 and there were 1034 deaths in England and Wales due to asthma in 2008 (Ward, Toledano, Shaddick, Davies, & Elliot, 2012). (NICE, 2013). 3) What are the common signs and symptoms of asthma? Common symptoms are wheezing, breathlessness, tightness in the chest, and cough. These symptoms can be worse at night and in early morning. They can arise after exercise, allergen exposure and cold air (Meerabeau & Wright, 2011). 4) Pa thophysiology of asthma and relation to the case scenario. ... â€Å"Mononuclear cell and eosinophill infiltration, mucus hyper-secretion, desquamation of epithelium, smooth muscle hyperplasia and airway remodeling† (Morris & Mosenifar, 2013) are also characteristics of airway inflammation. Airflow obstruction Airflow obstruction results due to changes taking place in the form of acute bronchoconstriction, airway edema, and chronic mucus plug formation, and airway remodeling. Acutebronchoconstriction occurs due to exposure to aeroallergens when immunoglobulin E-dependent mediator is released. The aeroallergen exposure which is the primary reason for the early asthmatic response causes edema in the away that occurs after 6-24 hours which is known as the late asthmatic response. Chronic mucus plug formation will take several weeks to subside as it contains exudates of serum proteins and cell debris. Airway remodeling is so called because of structural changes occurring due chronic inflammation and can affect the reversibility of airway obst ruction. Airway obstruction results in reduced airflow in and out of the respiratory system. This leads to lowered ability to expel air resulting in hyperinflation. The airway remodeling causes overdistension which helps maintain airway function and improve expiratory flow but overtime it alters pulmonary mechanics and increases breathing modulation. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness Hyperinflation which is in response to airflow obstruction is however is short-lived due to tidal volume approaching the volume of the pulmonary deadspace and the resultant is known as alveolar hypoventilation. It leads to ventilation-perfusion mismatch. The mismatch is also due to vasoconstriction as a result of alveolar hypoxia. Vasoconstriction is also an adaptive response to the above said mismatch (Morris &

The Status Of Women In Patriarchal India

The Status Of Women In Patriarchal India India is a country with a history of multiplicity inequality, where customs and culture practise had and still have strong influence on the social and political life of the population. India is also a country with a social caste system, with variety religions believers. This social mixture makes difficult for Indian women to escape discrimination, reach better opportunities and empower themselves not only inside the household, but also in a village and in a community, or even on the countrys political stage. On another hand, India has modern approach to technology and development with fast growing economy reaching 7,7 percent GDP in 2009 and further forecast of growth to 9 percent this year. (Trading economics http://www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/GDP-Growth.aspx?Symbol=INR) Indian family structure. The most outstanding feature of India is a strong patriarchal and patrilocal character of this state. Majority of Indian states are patriarchal with only few examples of matrilocal and matrilineal structure like Kerala. In patriarchal society both boys and girls take their identity from the father. But while the son is recognize as a permanent member of the family, the girls are more luckily be viewed as a transit element of this unit to another predominantly husbands family. This also influences inheritance and resource distribution inside family. The land and properties are usually inherited by male successors and transmitted throw them to the next generation. According to the traditional legal practice a daughter has only rights of maintenance the land during her life in a family. As soon as she got married her right of land use are dismissed and taken back to family unit. Only a son has rights to property and land at birth. Women position in patriarchal India is reduced to good daughters, good wives and mothers. Wifehood and motherhood are commonly accepted as key roles for women in an Indian society and by those implications they should not pursue any different profession. Especially this once required by higher education or specialised trainings, which make them, lose focus on main household duties. Patriarchal system in an Indian society also means that the family unit is based on the joint household structure, where only one male is a head of house. Usually this role does belong to a father. He does make choice in terms of marriage alliance, both daughters and sons, decision about buying and selling properties, and maintaining family property day-to-day life. In terms of domestic arrangement the elder woman in a family is in charge. The new bride has the lowest and submissive position in this family chain (p70-76 Women status in India and Empowering them throw Education Dr Bijayalasini Prahary 2010). In addition a patrilocal character of the Indian family means that a married couple will be leaving in a husbands father house or in close distance to a natal home. And because an inheritance in India is usually traced through man, not a woman, the whole family sets are related to males who live together and share a property or even in case of tribal groups a wife. As a consequence of a male dominated role in a family and kinship system women are treated as a less important tool in a kin, and often an easy disposable member, simply replaceable by new brides. For example, in cases where a woman is childless common practise for husband is to send her back to her maternal family and replace by a new wife. The daughter situation is much more difficult. As daughters position is concerned, their residence in the fathers household is temporary and they do not have rights to family assets. Especial as girls quite often are subjects of early age arranged marriages, so their lives in a unit ar e short. In case of a wife, the husband family treats her as an outsider who is descended from some other patriarchal extended kin. Interesting enough with age and giving a birth to son a woman can gain better setup inside the household, but she will always be perceive as an outsider. Legally the minimum ages at marriage are 18 for women and 21 for man, but in practise, according R C Mishra, close to 60 percent of women of rural India are married before reaching legal age. Especially that the legal provisions are rarely enforced by local authorities, what allows prohibition against child marriage to be continued and it seems wildly accepted in pure areas of India. We have to remember that Indian population is strongly influenced by custom and religious believes. As a consequence of early married many of girls, who are not ready physically and mentally to give a birth at young age, are dying during pregnancy (p94-97 women in India towards gender equality R C Mishra Authorspress Delhi 2006). The patrurialchal structure of the family clearly influences the relationship inside a household. Any womens decision-making power is restricted by their low positions in a house. For example, if the mother-in-law lives in a house, a new woman in a unit has to ask her for permission and approval in domestic arrangements. If the brother-in-law is there, he is the person to ask for consent to leave the house. Also at presence the sister-in-law in a household, a new bride needs to submit herself to her decisions. Many of women in joint families are enable to take any independent decision in respect to their own daily activities. The wife has to live by her husbands and often his family wishes. The daughter has to live by father and family arrangements. (Indian Journal of Gender Studies, Bilkis Vissandjà ©e 2006). According to studies made by R C Misha nearly 90 percent of women in Uttar Pradesh, and over 80 percent in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Andhra Pradesh need permission before they can leave the house. Even in matters of cooking, a third of interviewed women in Uttar said that they had been excluded from decision-making on cooking. ((p94-97 women in India towards gender equality R C Mishra Authorspress Delhi 2006) Indians family structure means that it is a bride responsibility to make major adjustments in a marriage. Girls should be prepared to make sacrifice in terms own needs, be modest, hard worker and always contribute to new family wealth being. Many Indians strongly believe that not only young girls should get married early but as well be less educated than the males in the family. The reason behind this is to preserve the male-based hierarchy and perception of man roles in a household as a breadwinner and security provider. Another factor is that unmarried innocent girl symbolises family honour and purity, and is considering as a blessed gift for the whole house. In India, especially in pure regions, rural areas, girls specialise in domestic work such as looking after siblings, preparing and cooking food, cleaning the house and fetching water and firewood. Boys on the other hand are manly involved in working on the family farms, looking after livestock and engaging in income-earning activities. (p1-11 statues of rural women in India Dr S C Shama 2009) But due to economic situation quite often girls are taking over also boys responsibilities in farming and earning money for family needs. Also social discrimination has a huge impact on women rights to land. Norms of female dependence on males are justified through a range of social mechanisms. About one in third of households have been run by women alone as they husbands left in research for jobs outside agriculture industry. Still women get less paid then man for the same work done. Two third of women in India cant read or write. They cant sleep before the man in household (p1-11 statues of rural women in India Dr S C Shama 2009). (p 40-44 Gender Discrimination in Indian Society, L Packiam, Allied Publishing Privet Limited 2006 New Delhi) In addition, even among Indian women exists huge inequality related to treatment at work place and on social stage. Women belonging to the privileged and dominating classes enjoy mach more freedom and opportunities than they are often denied even to man from subordinated and unprivileged casts and groups. Women for the privilege cast are more educated and can place themselves in better position on an employment market. Still it does not change the fact that women are on the bottom of the order in every social group and casts, landless people, displaced and migrants (p1-11 statues of rural women in India Dr S C Shama 2009) Dali women are the hardest touched by discrimination not only at home but as well at Indian society. As the lowest cast they suffer every day form injustice and wrongdoing. The case of a girl student from Gujarat is only one of many examples of hash treatment by upper class and Indian traditional authorities. The girl made a mistake of joining the dancing in the mai n square of her village, in which most of the participants were of the upper caste. The upper caste boys pulled her out and threatened to rape her. For interfering, her mother was slapped. In the hope for justice, she forced her parents to file a complaint to the police against her assailants. For complaining to the police constantly the upper caste families in a village intimidated her mother and members of her family until it had been withdraw. This only one from many examples showing how difficult is for women from lowest cast to deal with disadvantages to be born into Dalit cast. It is estimated that around 50 thousand Dalits girls were sold every year to Hindu organizations that are involved in the Devdasi system as a female servants of god and are sexually exploited. These women from the poorest cast have no control over life, wealth and they cannot expect help from Indian justices system and local authorities. Human Right Watch Report in 1992, http://aapf.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/mahey-the-status-of-dalit-women-in-indias-caste-based-system.pdf (The Status of Dalit Women in Indias Caste Based System Sonia Mahey, University of Alberta) Women in Indian population. India is one of the countries where the female population is counting in less proportion to male population. According to UNICEF Indias Report on Child Sex Ratio birth of females children is declining steadily. Figures from 1991 showed the sex ratio was 947 girls for 1000 boys. Ten years later it had fallen to 927 girls for 1000 boys. Furthermore, since 1991 in 80 percent of all districts in India had recorded a declining sex ratio with the state of Punjab being the worst in leading the statistics. States like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana have recorded more than 50 point decline in the child sex ratio in the same period. http://www.unicef.org/india/media_3285.htm Delhi recorded sex ratios 821 while Haryanan 851 and Uttar Paradesh 898 (p6 http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7602/1/MPRA_paper_7602.pdf). The Karela state is the only one in India where overall sex ratio is constantly in favourable to women. According to MPRAs data sex ratio was in 2001 1058 as per 1001 census (MPRA 10 march 2008) The fact is that more then 1 million pregnancies are aborted every year after the identification as females. Female children, who escape abortion or infanticide, get into social, economical and political discrimination. Through socialisation female children are throwing into women role expectations in Indian society. From the moment of birth girls are subjected by parents reinforcement to take on traditional role in a society and secondary position after male. From the birth girls are view as a weight responsibility and son as a valuable resource. This discriminations continue throw the girls whole lives and effecting ever aspect of they daily existence. At home patents give priority to needs and interest of their sons then daughters. The teenager girl is denied involvement in decision making in the family. She hardly takes any decision, which affects her life directly. Even in terms of relationships girls are restricted. A son can choose and love a girl of his choice, even refuses t o marry parents choice of a bride, and whomever they selects the final world would be his. On contrarily, the daughter has to submit herself physically and mentally to family decisions. Every her movement is watched by relatives and in huge measure by the whole community, especially in a village environment. She is strictly instructed to behave herself. Expression of love towards a boy even of the same cast is not possible (L Packiam 2006, p16-18). Of course the restriction towards girls can be more loosen up in economically privileged and higher cast families. Although India is going throw an intensive economical and in same point political changes, which impose social transformation on girls right to education, the elimination of traditional and still strong dominated view on women lower position seems to be unattached by those changes. Girls education The conventional view on girls upbringing has huge impact on their formal education. India has the largest population of non-school-going working girls. The country literacy rate for women is 39 percent versus 64 percent for man. For example in Uttar Pradesh is even lower, around 25 percent for women. This low rate of girls in an education lies down to parents view that the educated girl brings no returns to her future roles, mainly as a homemaker and perhaps agriculture labour. The point is that girls increasingly are replacing brothers on farm duties while carrying domestic responsibilities at the same time. This is significant reason for not sending daughters to schools. A large proportion of nonworking girls is kept at home only because they household responsibility. Also next point for not sending girls to school is to protect their virginity. Especially when schools are communal for both: girls and boys. In addition long distance to education institutions with travel expenses m akes impossible to change paten of basic education for girls (Dr Priyanka Tomar 2006, p 10-13). The reality is that women literacy rate stands less than 50 percent for whole India. United Nation had estimated that 245 million Indian women cannot read or write and furthermore this number covers wide throw states, religion groups and casts. For instance, while 95 percent of women in Mizoram are literate, only 34 percent of women in Bihar can read and write. The average Indian female has only 1.2 years of schooling, while the Indian male spends 3.5 years in school. More than 50 percent girls drop out by the time they are in middle school. On the other hand life expectancy has increased for both: males and females to 64.9 years for women and 63 years for men. According to UN Statistic Division (2000) also the workingwomen population had risen from 13 percent in 1987 to 25 percent in 2001 and still grows. Another confirmed point of strong male dominance in an Indian society is the fact that only women belied to be responsible for childless marriages or giving successive birth to female babies. In those cases it is common to expect a wife to find a second wife, for her husband, which is natural in rural areas that she is coming from her own family kit (L Packiam 2006, p35 -37). In such traditional country like India with strong male role perception as a head of large family it is important to have sons who continue family line and look after their assets. Work and women A further aspect unequal right for women and men are related to workplace and conditions they are work. Women work longer hours than man and their work is less paid or not paid at all. Women contribution in agriculture, whether it is farming or commercial agriculture, is far more demanding as they need to as well concentrate on domestic duties and ruining household, fulfilling they traditional roles as a mother and wife. It had been found (Andhra Pradesh 2006, p.12-17) that the working day of a woman labour in agriculture during the farming season last 15 hours from 4 am to 8 pm, while man work from 5am to 10 am or 11 am and from 3 pm to 5 pm. It means that women have to work in difficult weather conditions (Dr Priyanka Tomar 2006, p 12-17). Both transplanting and weeding required from women worker to spend the whole day working in mud. What is more they work under hit of sun, while mens work such a ploughing and watering the fields is always carried out early in a morning (Neera Bha rihoke 2008, p. 41). Still women labour contribution is barley recognizable as an economic productivity and input to a family household (Dr Priyanka Tomar 2006, p 12-17). In rural India women get paid 60 percent or even less than men for doing the same work. Table 1 shows the wage rate in agriculture between male and female workers between 2004 and 2006 register by Government of India. According to this table women get only 41.58 rupee for ploughing work while men are paid almost double. Also in another jobs women do seems to be paid less than men. Table 1: Wage Rate in Agricultural occupation 2004-2006 Occupation Wage of Men Wage of Women Ploughing Sowing Weeding Picking Crushing 72,28 66,09 57,97 54,60 60,62 41,58 46,17 46,73 41,49 42,73 Source:Ministerof Labouer, Gov of India Women play significant role in agriculture, taking on any job required in land farming. Table 2:1 shows percentage of distribution of female labour in cultivation, agriculture and household in 2001. According the chat around 51 percent women are involve in household industries work while 43 is employed in agriculture, and only 6 percent in cultivation. Table 2.2 shows percentage of male worker participation in cultivation, agriculture and household. The diagram picture that 59 percent men are employed in cultivation in compared to 43 percent women labour. In addition male labour continues 38 percent employed in agriculture. This number is less than 51 percent women labour. Not surprisingly only 3 percent men worked in household as this sector is consider being a female duty. Source : National Sample Survey Organization, 55th round (July 1999 June 2000) Source : National Sample Survey Organization, 55th round (July 1999 June 2000) http://ncw.nic.in/pdfreports/Impact%20of%20WTO%20Women%20in%20Agriculture.pdf IMPACT OF WTO ON WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE RESEARCH FOUNDATION SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY NEW DELHI NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN NEW DELHI According to the UNFPA State of World Population report on India, published in 2005, about 70 percent of graduate Indian women were unemployed taking under consideration that women represent 90 percent of the total minor workers of the country. Whats more, rural women engaged in agriculture farming constitute 78 percent of all female with regular paid work, making they a third of all labour involved in farming on the land. Furthermore, the report point it out that due to the traditional gender division of labour these women get on average 30 percent lower wages than men. Also the total employment of women in organised sector is only 4 percent even though that industrial production increased since the 1980s with more jobs in factories and outside household. Evidently data shows increased trend among companies to rely on using cheap labour in production stage, mostly women and children. It is well known that women and children work in huge numbers in bangle making weaving, brassware, l eather, crafts and other industries, including clothed and technology factories. Yet, only 3 percent of these women are recorded as manual worker. They are forced to work for almost charitable wages and are excluded form all social security benefits like a health care or a pension. A study organised by SEWA in fourteen Indian trades found that 85 percent of this women earned only 50 percent of the official poverty level income. Another feature of women unequal treatment in Indian society is limited access to health care. Giving complicity of underlying factors like sons preference in a family, early marriages, lack of access to hospitals, education and general women position in a household, is not surprising that life expectancy of females is lower than males. For majority of Indian states the average women life expectancy is 60 years. However life expectancy age for Indian women had been altered for different states, regions in India. In Kerala, for instance, women life expectancy is 75 years of age, while in Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, the poorest states of India, womens age expectancy is even lower 57 years (R C Mishra 2006, p.85-87). This shows as well that other factors like women religion and a cast they belong to, political and economical environment do have huge impact on life expectancy this particular gender. In addition women are quite often subjects of sexual and gender related violence within household, but also outside family walls. They low position make them easy target for raps, molestation, kidnapping and abduction, dowry deaths and domestic violence. Especially illegal practice of dowry existing in many cast groups, quite common in rural areas, causing concerns as legislation reinforcement seems to be powerless in execution women rights and protection. Women in politics Furthermore on political stage it seems women are seriously underrepresented, The fact that Indian government accepted the Representation of the People Act from 1951, which reserves one third seats in national and states parliaments for women, makes milestone in acknowledging women participation in a society and they needs for changes. This is a positive step that gives women political rights to be represented and ability to influence legal policies of this country. On the other hand the Act can be viewed as a need for enforcement democratic India to accept women basic human rights to be equalised with men in area like education, workplace, household and marriage, inheritance of properties, land. However in reality women are not even count for a quote of Indian representatives on a political stage. For instance in a list of the Communist Party of India only three out of sixty candidates are women. Even worse situation for female representation can be found in Karelas parliament. On a list of the Congress Partys for Karela only one woman has been listed in election among seventeen candidates taking part. The main opposition party, Bharatiya Janata Party, has just twenty-six women among its one hundred sixty six candidates. Just six women among 71 candidate seats represent the Samajwadi Party. http://news.oneindia.in/feature/2009/wanted-women-in-indian-parliament.html Throw the years the number of women parliamentarians has never exceeded 15 percent of all seats. Participation of women in the Parliament Lok Sabha (lower house) after election in 1999 was only 8,8 percent, while in Rajya Sabha (upper house) was 8,2 percent (Source: Election Commission of Indias Website) This shows that womens participation in political processes is slow and almost invisible, can be even recounted as exclude form the state life. It is mainly due to various social, economic, historical, geographical, political and cultural factors. Illiteracy, lack of access and control over income and other resources including land, restrictions to public spaces and legal systems in favor of a man continue to harm women any effort to political contribution. In the Indian culture women have always been in a lower status than men and in this terms Indian women display great reserve, respect and submissive mannerisms when they speak to men. The rule Being a male-dominant society, men rule and women follow applies in every aspect to Indian society structure (A male participant Womens Political Participation in Rural India p.437). The Indian constitution grants women equal rights with men, but strong patriarchal traditions persist, with womens lives shaped by customs. In most of Indian families a daughter is viewed as a responsibility, a problem, which needs food and protection. On the other hand sons are idolized and celebrated. May you be the mother of a hundred sons is a common Hindu wedding blessing. This has influenced women access to education, to gaining power in household and a community. It seems that without strong reinforcement of traditional custom and values any government legislation cannot be productive. Recognition of women imputes into Indian economy and politics is another step towards improvement their lives. .

Work Trends - Contractors, Temporary Workers, Annualised Hours :: Business Management Studies

Work Trends - Contractors, Temporary Workers, Annualised Hours Changing working environments Trends  · Use of contractors  · More temporary workers  · Annualised hours  · More part-time working  · Self-employment  · Hiring consultants Employers Advantages Disadvantages 1. Less cost less employment costs helping the business compete 2. Hiring consultants bring experts into the business 3. business can cope with sudden and unexpected changes in sale 4. Less hiring costs 5. Les costs. Flexible workforce can reduce employment costs, helping a business to compete more effectively with other businesses 6. Using a consultants and self-employed people bring expertise into the business 7. The use of consultants and self-employed people means that businesses do not have to pay to them 1. Difficult to communicate with P/T and temporary workers-don’t know them 2. More labour turn over 3. Poor reputation as employers Good effects o employees  · Some employees, such as these with responsibilities for looking after young children, want only part-time or temporary work. They would be happy to be part of a flexible workforce  · Working as part of a team can be a good experience. Employees may enjoy working with other people and learning from more experienced workers. Research says that working in tem can raise morale  · Some employees may prefer to be employed as teleworkers, working from home. Teleworkers do not have the cost and the bother of travelling to work everyday. They can live where they wish and need not to be close to the business that employs them Bad effects on employees  · Some workers may be very dissatisfied with temporary contracts. They might want the security of a permanent job and not feel committed to the business. They may feel unsettled and want to look for other work

Human society Essay

Human society, as we know it, is becoming lazy and antisocial. It’s pretty much useless to deny it. Compare us to fifty years ago, and you will find we’ve let ourselves go. Compare us to a hundred years ago, and you’ll realize we’ve morphed into beanbags with brains. In the 1890’s they got by fine without even using cars. Or credit cards, for that matter. Of course, they couldn’t show skin at the beach, but that’s another matter. Take the Segway scooter for instance. For those of you not in the know, it’s a slow, ugly, two-wheeled, battery-powered (ooh†¦ ahh†¦), upside-down coffee table, with some junk in it that makes it impossible to fall off of (in case all that standing gets the best of you). It was designed for city use (like that god awful 1/8 mile from your work to the doughnut shop), and has no other practical use except possibly as a coat hanger/umbrella rack. 45 klicks, top. Can run about 200 kilometers on a battery. Offers little or no protection against cars, which is a moot point because it’s nowhere close to being street legal. All you have to do is stand. In other words, it’s a big wheelchair for the able where you don’t have to move your arms, legs, or even eyelids for that matter. Makes walking obsolete. Pretty lame invention for 5000 bucks a pop, huh? Here comes the scary part. This Yuppie-Mobile is being hailed as â€Å"something that will revolutionize the way we travel†. Scientists are calling it an â€Å"engineering masterpiece†. The website is taking advance orders because the things are going quicker than they can make them. And very few of these people are actually in need of these services. No, friends, it’s pure laziness. Next on the chopping block†¦ those insta-gas keys at gas stations. Such a stupid idea makes the Segway Scooter look like Edison’s light bulb. I’m sure you know what I’m talking about, but if you don’t here’s a run-down: For a small fee (your soul), you can get a little key-type deal with a gas station logo on it mailed to you (along with about a million pieces of junk mail). Although they look like toddler toys, they actually hold a lot of fat-gaining power for the modern lazy yuppie. Imagine, if you will, life before the Key. Imagine the horror of actually having to labour out of your heated SUV and talking to a low-life gas pump. Imagine social interaction. Imagine returning to find your (instant) coffee slightly less warm. Before the Key, all of these things were, in all their horror, a reality. Now, you can just beep the key in front of the reader, pump your gas, and get a friendly greeting from the meter such as â€Å"have a nice day†. Nothing puts you in a good mood like being complimented by an LCD screen. The gas is charged to the credit card or other easy pay billings system. Aga in, these mechanisms have alarming popularity. Shell introduced them to their gas stations about a year and a half ago, and now you would be hard-pressed to find a gas station that doesn’t have some form of instant-payment tool. Even the mom and pop stations are getting in on the fad. Only theirs involves paying 25 dollars for a rock, and proceeding to throw it at the pump when the gas is pumped. Gas pump deaths are at an all-time high. Just kidding, kids. Perhaps the most disgusting example of lethargy comes from the same people who bring you Enforma Diet Pills (for those too `busy’ to diet. Damn slobs). I am talking about none other than the queen of the late-night infomercials, the talk of the trailer park, the (drum roll please)†¦ AbTronic. This is their angle: â€Å"The AbTronic(TM) is so effortless that you can be watching your favourite television program, reading a book or even cooking dinner while getting your body into the shape you want it[1][1]†. Pathetic. Absolutely pathetic. I can’t even begin to tell you what’s wrong with this one. You apparently don’t even need to go to a gym anymore to get `rock-hard abs’. Sure, you’ll be porky in other places, but your abdominal muscles will be `rock-hard’. And ab muscles are enough for the modern ultra-lazy consumer. Who cares that this device has uncertain long-term effects? Who cares if â€Å"it doesn’t work half as well as ordinary sit-ups†[2][2]? Who cares? It’s easy, it’s expensive, and that’s good enough for the average American consumer. The scary thing is, unlike most infomercial products, the demographic this product is reaching extends far beyond the crackhouses and backwoods. American teens from all walks of life are throwing out their gym memberships for a shot at insta-abs. The decline of civilization at its lowest. Of course, I could be wrong. Maybe these innovations are for the better. Who knows what can be accomplished with the increased amounts of free time? Maybe the time saved by these devices could be put towards creating world peace. Or forming a perfect system of government. Or inventing life saving devices. Yeah†¦ right. _______________________ [3][1] Store.yahoo.com/wonderfullbuys/abtronic.html . The wonderfullbuys site is actually a haven of lazy-person tools. If this kind of stuff floats your boat, I recommend it. [4][2] [5]www.streetcents.cbc.ca. Great consumer review site. [image001.jpg] The Segway: Motorized Stupidity [image002.jpg] The AbTronic: The Pinnacle of human idiocy References Visible links 1. file://localhost/var/home/acumen/svn/trunk/engine/docs/working/11538/11538.html#_edn1 2. file://localhost/var/home/acumen/svn/trunk/engine/docs/working/11538/11538.html#_edn2 3. file://localhost/var/home/acumen/svn/trunk/engine/docs/working/11538/11538.html#_ednref1 4. file://localhost/var/home/acumen/svn/trunk/engine/docs/working/11538/11538.html#_ednref2 5. http://www.streetcents.cbc.ca/ Hidden links: 6. http://www.coursework.info/

Twelve Angry Men Meet the Characters of the Drama

Twelve Angry Men, an iconic courtroom drama by Reginald Rose, did not begin on the stage as is often the case. Instead, the popular play was adapted from the authors 1954 live teleplay that debuted on CBS and was soon made into a movie. The script is filled with some of the best dramatic dialogue written, and Roses cast of characters is some of the most memorable in modern history. In the beginning, the jury has just finished listening to six days of trial proceedings inside a New York City courtroom. A 19-year-old man is on trial for the murder of his father. The defendant has a criminal record and a lot of circumstantial evidence piled up against him. The defendant, if found guilty, would receive a mandatory death penalty. Before any formal discussion, the jury casts a vote. Eleven of the jurors vote â€Å"guilty.† Only one juror votes â€Å"not guilty.† That juror, who is known in the script as Juror #8, is the protagonist of the play. As tempers flare and the arguments begin, the audience learns about each member of the jury. Yet, none of them has a name; they are simply known by their juror numbers. And slowly but surely, Juror #8 guides the others toward a verdict of â€Å"not guilty.† The Characters of Twelve Angry Men Instead of organizing the jurors in numeric order, the characters are listed here in the order they decide to vote in favor of the defendant. This progressive look at the cast is important for the final outcome of the play, as one juror after another changes their mind about the verdict. Juror #8 He votes â€Å"not guilty† during the jury’s first vote. Described as thoughtful and gentle, Juror #8 is usually portrayed as the most heroic member of the jury. He is devoted to justice  and is right away sympathetic toward the 19-year-old defendant. Juror #8 spends the rest of the play urging the others to practice patience and to contemplate the details of the case. He thinks that they owe it to the defendant to at least talk about the verdict for a while. A guilty verdict will result in the electric chair; therefore, Juror #8 wants to discuss the relevance of the witness testimony. He is convinced that there is reasonable doubt and eventually succeeds in persuading the other jurors to acquit the defendant. Juror #9 Juror #9 is described in the stage notes as a â€Å"mild gentle old man...defeated by life and...waiting to die.† Despite this bleak description, he is the first to agree with Juror #8, deciding that there is not enough evidence to sentence the young man to death and becomes more and more sure of himself as the play proceeds. During Act One, Juror #9 is the first to openly recognize Juror #10’s racist attitude, stating that, â€Å"What this man says is very dangerous.† Juror #5 This young man is nervous about expressing his opinion, especially in front of the elder members of the group. In Act One, his allure makes others believe that he is the one who changed his mind during the secret vote. But, it wasnt him; he didnt dare go against the rest of the group yet. However, it is also his experience from the slums where he grew up, just like the defendant, that will later help other jurors form an opinion of â€Å"not guilty.† Juror #11 As a refugee from Europe, Juror #11 has witnessed great injustices. That is why he is intent on administering justice as a jury member. He sometimes feels self-conscious about his foreign accent, but overcomes his shyness and is willing to take on a more active part in the decision-making process. He conveys a deep appreciation for democracy and America’s legal system. Juror #2 He is the timidest man of the group. For the 1957 adaptation, he was played by John Fielder (the voice of â€Å"Piglet† from Disney’s Winnie the Pooh cartoons). Juror #2 is easily persuaded by the opinions of others and cannot explain the roots of his convictions. In the very beginning, he goes along with the general opinion, but soon Juror #8 wins his sympathy and he begins contributing more, despite his shyness. He is in the group of the first six jurors to vote not guilty. Juror #6 Described as an â€Å"honest but dull-witted man,† Juror #6 is a house painter by trade. He is slow to see the good in others  but eventually agrees with Juror #8. He defies the adversity and pursues the facts, in search of a more complete and objective picture. Juror #6 is the one who calls for another ballot and is also one of the first six pro-acquittal ones. Juror #7 A slick, superior, and sometimes obnoxious salesman, Juror #7 admits during Act One that he would have done anything to miss jury duty and is trying to get out of it as fast as possible. He represents the many real-life individuals who loathe the idea of being on a jury. He is also quick to add his piece of mind to the conversation. He seems to want to condemn the defendant because of the youths previous criminal record, stating that he would have beaten the boy as a child just like the defendants father did. Juror #12 He is an arrogant and impatient advertising executive. Juror #12 is anxious for the trial to be over so that he also can get back to his career and his social life. However, after Juror #5 tells the group about his knowledge of knife-fights, Juror #12 is the first one to waver in his conviction, eventually changing his mind to not guilty. Foreman (Juror #1) Non-confrontational, Juror #1 serves as the foreman of the jury. He is serious about his authoritative role  and wants to be as fair as possible. Despite being described as not overly bright, he helps calm down the tensions and moves the conversation onward with professional urgency. He sides with the guilty side until, just like Juror #12, he changes his mind after learning about the details of knife-fighting from Juror #5. Juror #10 The most abhorrent member of the group, Juror #10 is openly bitter and prejudiced. He is quick to stand up and physically approach Juror #8. During Act Three, he unleashes his bigotry to the others in a speech that disturbs the rest of the jury. Most of the jurors, disgusted by #10’s racism, turn their backs on him. Juror #4 A logical, well-spoken stock-broker, Juror #4 urges his fellow jurors to avoid emotional arguments and engage in rational discussion. He does not change his vote until a witness’s testimony is discredited (due to the witness’s poor vision). Juror #3 In many ways, he is the antagonist to the constantly calm Juror #8. Juror #3 is immediately vocal about the supposed simplicity of the case and the obvious guilt of the defendant. He is quick to lose his temper  and is often infuriated when Juror #8 and other members disagree with his opinions. He believes that the defendant is absolutely guilty until the very end of the play. During Act Three, Juror #3’s emotional baggage is revealed. His poor relationship with his own son may have biased his views and it is only when he comes to terms with this that he can finally vote â€Å"not guilty.† An Ending That Raises More Questions Reginald Rose’s drama Twelve Angry Men ends with the jury agreeing that there is enough reasonable doubt to warrant an acquittal. The defendant is deemed â€Å"not guilty† by a jury of his peers. However, the playwright never reveals the truth behind the case. Did they save an innocent man from the electric chair? Did a guilty man go free? The audience is left to decide for themselves.